{"id":7151,"date":"2024-06-30T11:15:36","date_gmt":"2024-06-30T09:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lukardi.com\/?p=7151"},"modified":"2025-07-31T09:44:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T07:44:00","slug":"autoryzacje-sap-zbior-podstawowych-pojec-czesc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lukardi.com\/se\/blogg\/sakerhet\/sap-behorigheter-centrala-begrepp-del-2\/","title":{"rendered":"SAP-beh\u00f6righeter - En samling grundl\u00e4ggande begrepp Del 2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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SAP-beh\u00f6righeter - En samling grundl\u00e4ggande begrepp Del 2<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Lukardi<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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  • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tS\u00e4kerhet<\/span>, Blogg<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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    Tyckte du om v\u00e5r senaste \u00f6versikt \u00f6ver SAP-termer? I s\u00e5 fall \u00e4r du v\u00e4lkommen till del tv\u00e5, d\u00e4r vi forts\u00e4tter att bygga upp en ordlista med grundl\u00e4ggande delar av SAP:s beh\u00f6righetsv\u00e4rld<\/strong>.<\/p>

    Ordlista \u00f6ver de grundl\u00e4ggande elementen i SAP:s beh\u00f6righetsv\u00e4rld<\/span><\/h2>

    Objekt f\u00f6r auktorisation <\/strong>- ett viktigt element i SAP ur ett beh\u00f6righetsperspektiv, d\u00e4r anv\u00e4ndar\u00e5tkomst (eller mer exakt anv\u00e4ndarr\u00e4ttigheter) styrs med hj\u00e4lp av kontroller som \u00e4r programmerade i objektet. Objektet best\u00e5r vanligtvis av olika f\u00e4lt, t.ex. ACTVT (aktivitet) och BUKRS (aff\u00e4rsenhet). R\u00e4ttighetsobjektet skapas i SU21-transaktionen.<\/p>

    F\u00e4lt och f\u00e4ltv\u00e4rde f\u00f6r ett objekt <\/strong>- Beh\u00f6righetsobjektet best\u00e5r av f\u00e4lt och f\u00e4lten m\u00e5ste fyllas med v\u00e4rden f\u00f6r att beh\u00f6righeterna ska fungera. F\u00f6r att t.ex. kunna visa bokf\u00f6ringsunderlag m\u00e5ste f\u00e4ltet ACTVT fyllas i med v\u00e4rdet 03 (visa) och f\u00e4ltet BRGRU (beh\u00f6righetsgrupp) med motsvarande grupp som underlagen \u00e4r kopplade till.<\/p>

    GRC (styrning, risk och efterlevnad) <\/strong>- Ett teknik- och aff\u00e4rsomr\u00e5de inom f\u00f6retag vars fr\u00e4msta utmaningar \u00e4r att definiera och kontrollera risker och regelefterlevnad. I ett n\u00f6tskal. SAST \u00e4r ett av de verktyg som finns p\u00e5 den globala marknaden f\u00f6r att hantera GRC i sm\u00e5 och stora organisationer.<\/p>

    Konflikt om auktorisation<\/strong> - I den m\u00e4nskliga v\u00e4rlden r\u00e4cker det med att tv\u00e5 personer interagerar med varandra f\u00f6r att en konflikt ska uppst\u00e5. I SAP:s konfliktekosystem f\u00f6r r\u00e4ttigheter \u00e4r det minst tv\u00e5 transaktioner eller delprocesser som tillsammans skapar en konflikt, dvs. en aff\u00e4rsm\u00e4ssig eller teknisk risk.<\/p>

    SoD (Segregation of Duties - \u00e5tskillnad av arbetsuppgifter) <\/strong>- dvs. \u00e5tskillnad av arbetsuppgifter. Enligt SAP-standarderna ska tillg\u00e5ngen till transaktioner organiseras p\u00e5 r\u00e4tt s\u00e4tt s\u00e5 att f\u00f6retaget inte uts\u00e4tter sig f\u00f6r risker. Vilken typ av \u00e5tskillnad av arbetsuppgifter \u00e4r det fr\u00e5ga om? Om Anna t.ex. fyller i anst\u00e4lldas uppgifter f\u00f6r bankkonton och Janek g\u00f6r \u00f6verf\u00f6ringar till anst\u00e4llda p\u00e5 l\u00f6nedagen, ska en person inte ha befogenhet att g\u00f6ra b\u00e5da, eftersom det skulle kunna leda till maktmissbruk. Denna \u00e5tskillnad och arbetsmodell m\u00e5ste utformas innan m\u00e5lrollerna skapas.<\/p>


    Matris f\u00f6r beh\u00f6righetskonflikter <\/strong>- en upps\u00e4ttning grupperade konflikter, eller \u201evad som spelar med vad\u201d. Det \u00e4r bra att gruppera konflikterna efter SAP-moduler och se till att implementera dina egna zeta-l\u00f6sningar i matrisen. SAST Authorisation Management tillhandah\u00e5ller ett konfliktbibliotek med mer \u00e4n 100 definierade konflikter per modul och process.<\/p>

    Sp\u00e5rning\/sp\u00e5rning<\/strong> - Med hj\u00e4lp av ST01-transaktionen (eller SAST SGM) \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att sp\u00e5ra de \u00e5tg\u00e4rder som anv\u00e4ndaren har utf\u00f6rt genom att systemet samlar in en logg med information om de anropade transaktionerna och \u00e5tg\u00e4rderna (uppdelade i objekt och v\u00e4rden). Trace anv\u00e4nds ofta vid skapande av nya roller n\u00e4r det inte \u00e4r sj\u00e4lvklart att fylla i f\u00e4lten i en roll eller n\u00e4r det kommer upprepade meddelanden om bristande beh\u00f6righeter.<\/p>

    Brandman -<\/strong> Specialanv\u00e4ndare som \u00e4r dedikerad till n\u00f6dsituationer. Han eller hon tilldelas ofta roller med ut\u00f6kade beh\u00f6righeter f\u00f6r att agera n\u00e4r det \u201ebrinner\u201d i systemet. Till exempel n\u00e4r n\u00e5got m\u00e5ste \u00e5tg\u00e4rdas snabbt f\u00f6r att inte st\u00f6ra aff\u00e4rsprocesserna. S\u00e5dana anv\u00e4ndare tilldelas ofta externa anv\u00e4ndare, t.ex. modulkonsulter eller utvecklare. SAST Super User Management g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att hantera brandk\u00e5rsanv\u00e4ndare p\u00e5 beg\u00e4ran och med godk\u00e4nnande av systemadministrat\u00f6ren eller f\u00f6r permanent \u00e5tkomst. Varje \u00e5tg\u00e4rd som utf\u00f6rs av en s\u00e5dan brandman fr\u00e5n inloggnings\u00f6gonblicket \u00f6vervakas och registreras i systemloggarna.<\/p>

    SAP_ALL <\/strong>- en profil med fullst\u00e4ndiga v\u00e4rden f\u00f6r varje aktivt beh\u00f6righetsobjekt i systemet. En anv\u00e4ndare med en s\u00e5dan profil har fullst\u00e4ndiga beh\u00f6righeter i aff\u00e4rsmoduler (FI, HR, MM, etc.) samt utveckling och systemadministration. Det \u00e4r inte rekommenderat att ge s\u00e5dana profiler till anv\u00e4ndare, s\u00e4rskilt inte i ett produktionssystem. S\u00e5 varf\u00f6r \u00e4r det ett s\u00e5 popul\u00e4rt misstag f\u00f6r administrat\u00f6rer? Att tilldela en SAP_ALL till en anv\u00e4ndare tar 3 sekunder, medan analys och f\u00f6rberedelse av dedikerade roller, testning och eventuella korrigeringar (kryddat med ot\u00e5liga kommentarer fr\u00e5n m\u00e5lgruppen f\u00f6r rollerna) tar lite l\u00e4ngre tid....<\/p>

    Stj\u00e4rnor<\/strong> - magiska asterisker (\u201e*\u201d) kan f\u00f6rekomma i kommentarerna fr\u00e5n revisorer som granskar v\u00e5ra SAP-roller \u201e\u00e5h, och h\u00e4r \u00e4r asteriskerna sj\u00e4lva, n\u00e5gon har valt den enkla v\u00e4gen, har n\u00e5gon granskat dessa roller \u00f6verhuvudtaget\u201d? \u201eVarf\u00f6r har den juniora revisorn stj\u00e4rnor p\u00e5 dokument, konton och aktiviteter\u201d? Vilka asterisker \u00e4r det du syftar p\u00e5? Asterisker i SAP = allt, dvs. full beh\u00f6righet p\u00e5 ett givet beh\u00f6righetsobjekt, t.ex. alla typer av aktiviteter, alla dokument, alla tabeller osv.<\/p>

    SU53 -<\/strong> \u201eSkicka mig en sk\u00e4rmdump av SU53\u201d, kanske du h\u00f6r detta fr\u00e5n din beh\u00f6righetsadministrat\u00f6r. Det h\u00e4r \u00e4r en transaktion som g\u00f6r att du snabbt kan verifiera saknade beh\u00f6righeter (f\u00f6r din anv\u00e4ndare) i form av ett beh\u00f6righetsobjekt och ett v\u00e4rde.<\/p>

    Beh\u00f6ver du mer information? Kontakta oss!<\/span><\/h2>

    Om du gillar v\u00e5r ordlista och vill vara med och utveckla den dedikerad workshop om SAP-r\u00e4ttigheter och konflikter - skriv till oss. <\/strong><\/p>

    Vi kommer att f\u00f6resl\u00e5 en intressant och skr\u00e4ddarsydd formel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    Mer fr\u00e5n kategorin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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    • \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tS\u00e4kerhet<\/span>, Blogg<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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      Tomasz Jurgielewicz<\/h3><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Tyckte du om v\u00e5r senaste \u00f6versikt \u00f6ver SAP-begrepp? I s\u00e5 fall \u00e4r du v\u00e4lkommen till del tv\u00e5, d\u00e4r vi forts\u00e4tter att bygga upp en ordlista \u00f6ver det viktigaste i SAP-beh\u00f6righetsv\u00e4rlden.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,91],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bezpieczenstwo","category-blog"],"yoast_head":"\nAutoryzacje SAP - Zbi\u00f3r podstawowych poj\u0119\u0107 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 2 - Lukardi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lukardi.com\/se\/blogg\/sakerhet\/sap-behorigheter-centrala-begrepp-del-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sv_SE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Autoryzacje SAP - Zbi\u00f3r podstawowych poj\u0119\u0107 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 2 - Lukardi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Czy podoba\u0142o si\u0119 Tobie nasze ostatnie zestawienie poj\u0119\u0107 SAP? 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